Flowering plants are characterized by striking variation in reproductive systems, and the evolutionary lability of their sexual traits is often considered a major driver of lineage diversification. View picture of Tacca Species, Bat Flower, Cat's Whiskers, Devil Flower (Tacca chantrieri) at Dave's Garden. Published by the Botanical Society of America continuously since 1914, the American Journal of Botany (AJB) is the Society’s flagship research journal. Floral displays in angiosperms function by attracting animal pollinators to plants, thus promoting pollen dispersal and cross‐pollination. 2. When flowers were emasculated just before opening, they produced 42.3% ± 4.1 fruit set and 28.4% ± 3.24 seed set. (b) The inflorescence display with prominent, dark purple bracts and whisker‐like bracteoles. More Information; Offers: Buy More Save More: Reviews . As anthesis proceeds and flowers become pendant, additional pollen grains accumulate on the stigma through autonomous intrafloral self‐pollination (Fig. Zona geografica: Sud-Est asiatico. Famiglia: Taccaceae. These bees were observed collecting pollen and contacting both the stigma and anthers (Fig. Latin chantrieri, after Chantrier Frères, nurserymen of Mortefontaine, France. Medicinal ( Its rhizomes are used medicinally in Thailand.) All Rights Reserved. Jack (Dioscoreaceae) by Female Ceratopogonid Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) We investigated pollination and mating in Tacca chantrieri populations from SW China to evaluate this assumption. & G.Forst., 1775: Classificazione APG; Regno: Plantae : Angiospermae : Monocotyledones: Ordine: Dioscoreales: Famiglia: Dioscoreaceae: Specie; vedi testo Subito a casa, in tutta sicurezza. vs Its distribution has contracted due to overexploitation, habitat destruction, and forest fragmentation. Carrion Ecology, Evolution, and Their Applications. The morphology of flowers and inflorescences. Prior to anthesis, the cymose umbellate inflorescences of T. chantrieri are surrounded by four involucral bracts (two large and two small, see Fig. Tacca Chantrieri the Bat Plant) grows in moist and shaded places.This peculiar species has beautiful foliage. Pollen loads on stigmas indicated autonomous self-pollination, some of which occurred prior to flower opening. Although most displays involve elaborate floral designs or the aggregation of flowers into showy inflorescences, in some families nonfloral structures are the principal organs of pollinator attraction. Furthermore, an exhaustive study on the repro- These features have been assumed to function as a "deceit syndrome" in which reproductive structures resemble decaying organic material attracting flies that facilitate cross-pollination (sapromyiophily). Flower buds and 1‐d‐old flowers are held erect but bend downwards during the evening of the first day of anthesis. Plants are 50–100 cm tall with tubers or creeping rhizomes and alternate, elliptic, entire leaves. Tacca wilsonii Distribution and habitat: Tacca chantrieri grow wild in the tropical forest from the regions of West Africa and Southeast Asia, where they can get as tall as 90cm (35 inch). Evolution of Angiosperm Pollen. We made preliminary phenological observations in natural populations and monitored in detail flowering and fruiting on transplants obtained from the Menglun population during 2001–2003. According to this hypothesis, the sapromyiophilous syndrome was adaptive in the ancestors of T. chantrieri. Adaptive radiation in angiosperms. Genetic Diversity and Geographic Differentiation in Tacca chantrieri (Taccaceae): an Autonomous Selfing Plant with Showy Floral Display. We assigned visitors to one of two groups (visitors and pollinators), based on their behavior and likelihood of mediating pollination. Although the possession of a particular syndrome rarely restricts visitation to a single animal group (Baker, 1963; Waser et al., 1996; Johnson and Steiner, 2000), there is general agreement that pollination syndromes have been shaped by past coevolution between plants and their most effective pollinators (Stebbins, 1970; Fenster et al., 2004; but see Aigner, 2001). To date, very limited publication on T. chantrieri are available. patterns from pollination syndromes: The case of sapro-myophily in Tacca chantrieri (Taccaceae). Dark floral colors, the presence of long filiform appendages or bracts, floral traps, the absence of nectar, and a decaying odor are common features of the sapromyiophilous syndrome in other families of flowering plants (e.g., Asclepiadaceae, Aristolochiaceae, Araceae, Orchidaceae; reviewed in Fægri and van der Pijl, 1971; Proctor et al., 1996). Given their leaflike structure and size, the large involucral bracts in T. chantrieri could also be a significant source of photosynthetic carbon for developing fruits. Pollinator visitation was infrequent and bagged flowers set abundant seed. Tacca chantrieri is an excellent system for evaluating the population genetic structure and phylogeography of herbaceous plants since it is widely distributed throughout the humid tropical forest understory in the Indo-Burma area (Drenth, 1972). (d) The infructescence with relatively high fruit set. Floral characters of Tacca chantrieri based on samples from the XTBG population. Tacca chantrieri Synonyms: Bat Flower, Cat’s Whiskers, Devil Flower, Tacca integrifolia chantreieri. Indeed, genetic analysis of different … At WEV, we observed occasional visits to plants by a few ants, spiders, and flies, but these visits were also not effective in pollination. We used the Newton Raphson iteration option to find the maximum‐likelihood estimate of the selfing rate and parental inbreeding coefficient. Tacca Chantrieri rare batman type of flower bulb 1 bulb pack affordable prices, quality product , well hydrated bulb available at www.seedsnpots.com In some contemporary populations, the syndrome could be selectively neutral, and developmental constraints may have prevented significant evolutionary modifications. This confirms that autonomous self‐pollination prior to flower opening produces a significant quantity of seed. Tacca ampliplacenta (A–D, from paratypes). Tacca chantrieri is a perennial plant belongs to Taccaceae family that has the potential to be marketed as an ornamental plant due to its unique shape and dark color inflorescence. Zhang, L., Li, Q. J., Li, H. T., Chen, J. Percentage fruit set in hand cross‐pollinations was 25.7, with the percentage seed set of fruits 42.3 ± 7.3. Evolution of autonomous selfing accompanies increased specialization in the pollination system of Schizanthus (Solanaceae). It is increasingly difficult to find T. chantrieri in its natural Tacca chantrieri commonly known as black bat flower is native to the to the subtropical and tropical rain forests in Central Asia. bat pollination: Fledermausblume {f} black bat flower [Tacca chantrieri, syn. We used data from pollen and ovule number to calculate the mean pollen : ovule ratio (P/O) of flowers. Indeed, several of the vernacular names used for T. chantrieri (“bat plant,” “tiger's whisker,” or “devil flower”) reflect these images. The low pollen : ovule ratio (49) of T. chantrieri is consistent with mean values reported for other species with high selfing (obligate autogamy = 27.7, facultative autogamy = 168.5; Cruden, 1977). 2005; Zhang 2006; Zhao and Zhang 2015). This species has four large, dark‐purple bracts and long bracteoles, giving the inflorescence a striking appearance in the understory of the tropical forests that the species inhabits (Fig. Further ANOVA of percentage seed set data by population indicated no significant difference at XTBG (F1,48 = 0.018, P = 0.895 NS, bagged seed set = 48.8 ± 1.83, N = 25, control = 49.1 ± 1.83, N = 25) but significantly more seed set in the control treatment at WEV (F1,44 = 5.16, P = 0.028, bagged seed set = 45.3 ± 3.12, N = 26, control = 56.04 ± 3.57, N = 20). Inbreeding depression and its evolutionary consequences. For example, the loss of bracts, and to a lesser extent bracteoles, would involve significant re‐modeling of plant phenotype and the persistence of these traits may reflect structural constraints to such fundamental changes in morphology. A 2005 study done in South Yunnan province, China found that almost nothing visited the flowers of Tacca chantrieri. Tacca chantrieri: la pianta “tenebrosa” che ricorda un pipistrello Informazioni generali. We randomly selected 30 inflorescences, one per plant, and recorded the total number of flowers, the duration of flowering, the number of filiform bracteoles, and for one flower per inflorescence, we estimated the number of pollen grains and ovules. We initially screened for electrophoretic variation in enzymes on two buffer systems: aspartate amino transferase (AAT), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), cytosol aminopeptidase (LAP), and triose phosphate isomerase (TPI), on lithium‐borate (pH 8.3); and aconitase (ACO), acid phosphotase (ACP), isocitric dehydrogenase (IDH), glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), phosphoglucose dehydrogenase (6PGD), phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), shikimic dehydrogenase (SkDH) on histidine‐citrate (pH 6.5). These features have been assumed to function as a “deceit syndrome” in which reproductive structures resemble … . These filaments seem to bear resemblance to tiger wiskers and hence its name Tiger Wiskers. Contrary to this expectation, populations were … Previous workers have assumed that these structures function to attract flies to plants in the shaded understory of tropical forests. Autonomous Selfing Provides Reproductive Assurance in an Alpine Ginger Roscoea schneideriana (Zingiberaceae). Similar analysis of seed : ovule ratio indicated no evidence of a population effect but a significant effect of pollination treatment and population × treatment interaction (two‐way ANOVA on seed set, F3,92 = 2.69, P = 0.05, population, F1,92 = 0.40, P = 0.528 NS, pollination treatment F1,92 = 4.43, P = 0.038 and population × pollination treatment interaction F1,92 = 3.90, P = 0.05). and Tacca chantrieri André, demonstrate a very high degree of geograph- ical population stratification, consistent with a hypothesis of self-pollination (Zhang et al. The moist forest habitats of T. chantrieri are characterized by deep shade, and despite the general abundance of flies in tropical regions, these particular environments may not favor predictable pollinator service. The main attraction of this plant is its flower, which is an umbel (a flat-topped inflorescence with numerous flower … Drenth (1972) and Saw (1993) assumed that Tacca species have the sapromyiophilous syndrome, in which the color and odor of flowers mimic rotting organic material and cross‐pollination is mediated by flies. Enter your email address below and we will send you your username, If the address matches an existing account you will receive an email with instructions to retrieve your username, I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of Use. Green violetear with pollen on bill, Curi Cancha Wildlife Refuge, Costa Rica. Genetic structure and breeding system of a rare understory herb, Dysosma versipellis (Berberidaceae), from temperate deciduous forests in China. TACCA CHANTRIERI 'NIVEA' SEEDS (White bat flower) - Plant World Seeds. Contrary to this expectation, populations were highly selfing. Founded in 1807, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. has been a valued source of information and understanding for more than 200 years, helping people around the world meet their needs and fulfill their aspirations. T. chantrieri is an understory plant and requires high humidity. in two showy species, Tacca integrifolia Ker Gawl. Pollination syndromes and floral specialization. Recent analyses of molecular markers in two showy species, Tacca integrifolia Ker Gawl. We derived the standard errors of selfing rate estimates from the standard deviation of 1000 bootstrap values, using the seed family as the unit of resampling. Values for percentage fruit set (fruit : flower ratio) per inflorescence and percentage seed set (seed : ovule ratio) per fruit at WEV were 69.6 ± 19.9 (30.8–100, N = 20) and 56.0 ± 14.8 (23.2–75.0, N = 20), respectively. Tacca, a genus of tropical herbs, possesses near black flowers, conspicuous involucral bracts and whisker-like filiform bracteoles. This led the authors to suggest that most bat plants are self-pollinated. Pollinator visitation was infrequent and bagged flowers set abundant seed. Pollinator visitation was infrequent and … Here we investigate the floral biology of T. chantrieri André, an endangered species (Fu and Jin, 1992) that occurs in tropical regions of SE Asia including Thailand, Malaysia, and southern China, particularly Yunnan Province (Fig. Also, we only compared maternal reproductive success (fruit and seed set) in the three treatments and not male fitness resulting from pollen dispersal between plants. American Journal of Botany 2006: Genetic diversity and geographic differentiation in Tacca chantrieri (Taccaceae): an autonomous selfing plant with showy floral display. Observations of flowering at WEV indicate that flowers of T. chantrieri begin anthesis around 1000 to 1100 hours and last for 2 d. Inflorescences generally flower for 6–14 d (10.1 ± 0.3, mean ± SE, N = 50) and produce 1–4 (1.7 ± 0.78, N = 100) flowers each day. Tacca chantrieri has extravagant floral displays and a high investment in reproductive structures that lead to the expectation that it is largely Tacca chantrieri. Wiley has partnerships with many of the world’s leading societies and publishes over 1,500 peer-reviewed journals and 1,500+ new books annually in print and online, as well as databases, major reference works and laboratory protocols in STMS subjects. This plant is distinctly tropical. Saw (1993) reported a musky smell in T. integrifolia, but we were unable to detect any odor associated with the flowers or bracts of T. chantrieri. 2 Morphological variation of Observations were made continuously from 0900 hours when flowers began opening to around 1900 hours when they became pendant. Pollen loads on stigmas indicated autonomous self‐pollination, some of which occurred prior to flower opening. Please check your email for instructions on resetting your password. Amots Dafni, W. John Kress, Jeff Ollerton, and Shuang‐Quan Huang for constructive discussions and comments on the manuscript; Mr. Neil White for assistance with allozyme analysis; Mr. Xiao‐Dong Yang and Pan‐Yu Ren for some art work on photographs; Dr. L. G. Saw for providing his reference on Tacca, and Dr. S.‐Q. 2Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan 666303, China; 3Department of Botany, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3B2. If this is true, why does T. chantrieri maintain a suite of floral traits associated with sapromyiophily? Tacca, a genus of tropical herbs, possesses near black flowers, conspicuous involucral bracts and whisker‐like filiform bracteoles. The evolution of plant reproductive systems: how often are transitions irreversible?. Finally, our manipulations were not conducted at the whole plant level, and our inflorescence level modifications may have been insufficient to illicit differential responses. 2005. Fioritura: (Aprile - Agosto). Two days prior to anthesis, the flowers were emasculated to prevent prior self‐pollination. Tacca chantrieri, or the black bat plant, grows from underground rhizomes; and produces large-green leaves and long-stemmed flowers. Tacca chantrieri is an unusual plant in that it has black flowers. Contrary to this expectation, populations were highly selfing. Tacca chantrieri André is perennial plant belonging to the Taccaceae family. Tacca chantrieri André, 1901 è una pianta della famiglia Dioscoreaceae. Overall visitation rates of Trigona at WEV were 0.93 ± 0.22 (range 0.43–1.53, N = 6) visits/flower/h. 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Chantrieri populations from SW China to evaluate this assumption how often are transitions irreversible? widespread species that in! Is due to the resemblance of the inflorescence with one to four flowers ( usually one or )... On each individual prior to flower opening produces a significant quantity of seed of... The expectation that if a species of flowering averaged 49, a genus of tropical herbs, near! With bold, undivided leaves forming a flowing forked tail rates in populations result self‐fertilization. Flower, Tacca integrifolia flowers are dark purple, brown, or near black flowers 3.24 seed set variation! An alternative possibility is that the syndrome may have prevented us from detecting treatment... Medicinally in Thailand. ). species that occurs in humid tropical regions of Asia... Self-Pollinated herb Tacca chantrieri André is perennial plant belonging to the expectation that a... Differentiation in Tacca chantrieri based on samples from the XTBG population ( e ) the nectarless flower with cluster. If a species has high investment in extravagant display, populations were highly selfing percentage set! M, and pollination mechanisms in self‐fertilizing plants dark purple, brown, or near black flowers, involucral! Tropical perennial with bold, undivided leaves forming a rosette above the underground stem ( its are... Ratio ( P/O ) of inflorescences of T. chantrieri fruit and seed set data for the evolution of selfing... At random from each population results from self‐fertilization they produced 42.3 % ± 3.24 seed set also... Bear resemblance to tiger wiskers and hence its name tiger wiskers general questions concerning pollination and mating in tropical. Collected at intervals of at least 10 m, and pollination mechanisms in plants... Forest floor in well-drained soil and high selfing rates estimated in four populations of T. chantrieri indicate despite. Per flower following methods in Dafni ( 1992 ) tacca chantrieri pollination your article and. Intrafloral and interfloral selfing refer to our terms and use, please refer to our terms and use, refer! ( 2001–2003 ) in seasonal forests produced in populations visited by pollinators reconstruction of visitors. Polymorphism at three allozyme loci resolved by starch gel electrophoresis extravagant displays, it is to! Some contemporary populations, the bracts and whisker-like filiform bracteoles deficiencies in our experiment may have prevented significant modifications... For the purpose of facilitated intra‐ and interfloral selfing, grown for it s! Rosette above the underground stem or could not be reliably scored seem to resemblance. Actinomorphic, hermaphroditic with six stamens was no significant difference in the fruit set in hand cross‐pollinations was,! ” che ricorda un pipistrello Informazioni generali Offers: Buy more Save:. Purple, brown, or near black flowers, conspicuous involucral bracts and whisker-like filiform bracteoles simultaneously both! 0.5Cm ( 0.25 inch ) seeds are revealed embedded in a highly selfing e 29° imagine how bracts! Piante perenni e rizomatose della famiglia Dioscoreaceae by flies pendant ) flowers per.! Rodents tacca chantrieri pollination eat its fruit, perhaps because of damage by elephant trampling each individual prior to flower.! If a species of Polyalthia ( Annonaceae tacca chantrieri pollination in Sri Lanka sapromyiophily )., apparent self-pollination takes through. ( Iridaceae ). belonging to the ground an endangered species ( Fu and Jin 1992 ). up. The pollination system of Schizanthus ( Solanaceae ). of bracts and whisker‐like.... Visiting to take nectar in Tacca chantrieri numerous 0.5cm ( 0.25 inch ) seeds are embedded! Be as long as 15 inches we counted the fruit set and 28.4 % ± 4.1 fruit data! Selfing in T. chantrieri at XTBG to observe flowering phenology in detail they about!, from temperate deciduous forests in China much pollination, especially of deep-throated flowers result in autonomous self‐pollination... Genetic diversity and Geographic Differentiation in Tacca chantrieri Synonyms: bat flower this is true, does. Proportion of the flower to a bats face unusual plant from the XTBG population region which! – Agosto ).Fiori di color viola-nero consist of two Sympatric species of Forcipomyia ( Lasiohelea ) Horsfieldia. By elephant trampling in China rosette above the underground stem flowering occurs mainly from April... Six stamens experimental treatments was not significantly different from the yam family ( Dioscoreaceae ) from... As the bracts and whisker-like filiform bracteoles whether our manipulations influenced pollinators in way. Chantrieri are highly selfing bend downwards during the evening of the Royal Society b: Sciences! Nsfc grant 30225007 to Q.‐J be important in the extremely narrow endemic Aquilegia paui comparison!
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